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The Pretreatment of Textile's Printing and Dyeing

The Pretreatment of Textile's Printing and Dyeing

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The pretreatment of silk fabric 
Mulberry silk contains impurity (mainly sericin), but it can be degumming after silk weaving. The silk raw material contains oil, mix high impurities, which should have textile pretreatment.

Sericin impurity:
1) fat and wax;
2) pigment;
3) inorganic substance;
4) carbohydrates: polysaccharide and sericin protein combine into a composite protein and with pigment to become glycoside or to be as microfilament of fibrin exists in sericin. When dissolved partially into silk sericin micro hairs with sericin stripping, scouring can be broken off with sericin, but it is difficult to remove after twisting. Micro velvet affects gloss, dyeing, brilliance.

The principle of degumming: the content of sericin protein (eighteen amino acids) is high, and the content of amino acid is high. There are many random crimp conformation, and the crystallinity is low that us swelling and dissolving in hot water. When the isoelectric point is deviated, the swelling and dissolution rate is fast. When the pH is 9.5~10 and the temperature is 95~100 DEG C, the dissolution rate is faster, while the fibroin is stable.
Acid can also dissolve sericin, but it is not necessary except for acid and acid resisting equipment.
Proteolytic enzyme degumming with soap base degumming, because the enzyme only eliminates sericin.
Degumming method: soap alkali method soap (surfactant) + weak base agent.
Degumming equipment: hanging trough (barrel), pine flat width scouring machine

Chemical fibers and their blends
Chemical fibers are low in impurities, and the pre-treatment burden is lighter than natural fibers. Impurities are mainly oil, slurry, and oil pollution.

Viscose fiber
Small molecular weight, loose structure, poor wet strength, sensitive to chemicals and easy to deform.
Features of process: without severe processing, loose equipment (process).
The main process: singeing→ desizing→ scouring→ bleaching, and not mercerizing 

Synthetic fabric
Polyester fabric: desizing, scouring, bleaching
Nylon fabric: desizing, scouring, bleaching
Polyester cotton blended and interwoven

Polyester cotton blended and interwoven
Singeing (slightly faster), desizing (enzyme back), scouring, bleaching, mercerizing

The pretreatment of knitted fabric
Knitted fabric has a coil structure, large flexibility, which can not withstand greater tension. In the treatment, it should prevent the coil from falling, with low tension equipment processing, to prevent curling (single-sided knitting).

Process (cotton fabric)
Fabric: fabric → alkali shrinkage → scouring → bleaching → whitening, softness → dehydration and drying
Fabric: cotton cloth → scouring → bleaching → whitening → softness → dehydration  →  drying
Flannel: cloth → scouring → bleaching → dehydration → , drying → soft fleece

Polyester knitted fabric: it is easy to handle. And to remove oil, grease, etc.
Weak detergent solution, rinse.
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